الْمُفْرَد وَالْمُثَنَّى وَالْجَمْع
| وَيَنْقَسِمُ الاسْمُ – أَيْضاً – إِلَى ثَلاَثَةِ أََقْسَامٍ: مُفْرَدٍ، نَحْوُ: فَاضِلٍ، وَفَاضِلَةٍ، وَمُثَنًّى، نَحْوُ: “فَاضِلَانِ”، أَوْ “فَاضِلَيْنِ” وَ”فَاضِلَتَانِ” أَوْ “فَاضِلَتَيْنِ”، وَجَمْعٍ، نَحْوُ: “فَاضِلُوْنَ” أَوْ “فَاضِلِيْنَ” أَوْ “فُضَلاَء” The الاسْم is also divided into three (more) categories: مُفْرَد (singular), like: “فَاضِل” (a very good man), and فَاضِلَة (a very good woman),مُثَنًّى (dual), like: “فَاضِلاَنِ” (two very good men in the nom. case) or “فَاضِلَيْنِ” (two very good men in the acc. and gen. cases) and “فَاضِلَتَانِ” (two very good women in the nom. case) or “فَاضِلَتَيْنِ” (two very good women in the acc. and gen. cases), andجَمْع (plural), like: “فَاضِلُوْنَ” (very good men in the nom. case) or “فَاضِلِيْنَ” (very good men in the acc. and gen. cases) or “فُضَلاَء” (very good people) |
Explanation:
You (already) know that the الاسْم is divided into مُذَكَّر (masculine) and مُؤَنَّث (feminine).
Know now that it is also divided into:
- مُفْرَد (singular), which is that which denotes a single male or female, like:
“فَاضِل” (a very good man) and “فَاضِلَة” (a very good woman),
“مُجْتَهِد” (a diligent male) and “مُجْتَهِدَة” (a diligent female),
- مُثَنًّى (dual), which is that which denotes two males or two females by adding (i.e. suffixing) an أَلِف and نُوْن or a يَاء and نُوْن to its singular form, like:
“فَاضِلاَنِ” or “فَاضِلَيْنِ” (two very good men),
“فَاضِلَتَانِ” or “فَاضِلَتَيْنِ” (two very good women),
“مُجْتَهِدَانِ” or “مُجْتَهِدَيْنِ” (two diligent men),
“مُجْتَهِدَتَانِ” or “مُجْتَهِدَتَيْنِ”(two diligent women),
- جَمْع (plural), which is that which denotes more than two males or two females by changing its singular form, like:
“فَاضِلُوْنَ”, “فَاضِلِيْنَ”(very good men),
“فُضَلاَء” (very good men), or
“فَاضِلاَت” (very good women).