إِعْرَاب الأَمْثِلَةِ الْخَمْسَةِ
| وَالْمُضَارِعُ إِذَا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ أَلِفُ اثْنَيْنِ، أَوْ وَاوُ جَمَاعَةٍ، أَوْ يَاءُ مُخَاطَبَةٍ يُرْفَعُ بِثُبُوْتِ النُّوْنِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الضَّمَّةِ، وَيُنْصَبُ وَيُجْزَمُ بِحَذْفِهَا نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْفَتْحَةِ وَالسُّكُوْنِ. The الْمُضَارِع – when it has the أَلِف الاثْنَيْنِ (i.e. الأَلِف of duality), or the وَاو الْجَمَاعَةِ (i.e. الْوَاو of the masculine plural), or the يَاء الْمُخَاطَبَةِ (i.e. الْيَاء of the second person feminine) suffixed to it – is: مَرْفُوْع with the attachment of the النُّوْن (i.e. ثُبُوْت النُّوْنِ ) in place of the الضَّمَّة andمَنْصُوْب and مَجْزُوْم with the dropping thereof (i.e. حَذْف النُّوْنِ ) in place of the الْفَتْحَة and the السُّكُوْن . |
Explanation:
When the الْمُضَارِع is predicated of:
- the أَلِف الاثْنَيْنِ (i.e. الأَلِف of duality), like: “الرَّجُلاَنِ يَكْتُبَانِ” (the two men write/will write) and “أَنْتُمَا تَكْتُبَانِ” (You two write/will write), or
- the وَاو الْجَمَاعَةِ (i.e. الْوَاو of the masculine plural), like: الرِّجَالُ يَكْتُبُوْنَ” (the men are write/will write) and “أَنْتُمْ تَكْتُبُوْنَ” (You write/will write), or
- the يَاء الْمُخَاطَبَةِ (i.e. الْيَاء of the second person feminine), like: “أَنْتِ تَكْتُبِيْنَ” (you write/will write fem. sing.)
then it is مَرْفُوْع by means of the attachment of the النُّوْن (i.e. بِثُبُوْتِ النُّوْنِ ), like that you have seen, and it is مَنْصُوْب and مَجْزُوْم by means of its dropping (i.e. بِحَذْفِ النُّوْنِ ), like:
| لَنْ يَكْتُبَا | will not write (3rd masc. dual) | لَمْ يَكْتُبَا | did not write (3rd masc. dual) |
| لَنْ تَكْتُبَا | will not write (3rd per. fem. dual / 2nd per. dual) | لَمْ تَكْتُبَا | did not write (3rd per. fem. dual / 2nd per. dual) |
| لَنْ يَكْتُبُوْا | will not write (3rd per. masc. pl.) | لَمْ يَكْتُبُوْا | did not write (3rd per. masc. pl.) |
| لَنْ تَكْتُبُوْا | will not write (2nd masc. pl.) | لَمْ تَكْتُبُوْا | did not write (2nd masc. pl.) |
| لَنْ تَكْتُبِيْ | will not write (2nd fem. sing.) | لَمْ تَكْتُبِيْ | did not write (2nd fem. sing.) |
These الأَفْعَال (verbs) and their likes are called “الأَمْثِلَة الْخَمْسَة” (the five forms / patterns).
Moreover, the ثُبُوْت النُّوْنِ and the حَذْف النُّوْنِ are among the الْعَلاَمَات الْفَرْعِيَّة (secondary signs).