مَجْزُوْم (جَزْم الْفِعْلِ)
وَيُجْزَمُ إِذَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ إِحْدَى هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ: “لَمْ”، “لَمَّا”، لاَم الأَمْرِ، “لاَ” النَّاهِيَة، “إِنْ”، “إِذْ مَا”، “مَنْ”، “مَا”، “مَهْمَا”، “مَتَى” “أَيَّانَ”، “أَيْنَ”، “أَنَّى”، “حَيْثُمَا”، “كَيْفَمَا”، “أَيّ”. |
It (i.e. the الْفِعْل ) is مَجْزُوْم when one of these words comes before it: ¨ “لَمْ” (did not) ¨ “لَمَّا” (did not yet) ¨ لاَم الأَمْرِ (the اللاَّم of command meaning “let”) ¨ “لاَ” النَّاهِيَة (Prohibitive “لاَ” meaning “Don’t”) ¨ “إِنْ” (If ….., ……) ¨ “إِذْ مَا” (If ….., ……) ¨ “مَنْ” (Whosoever, anyone who ….., ……) ¨ “مَا” (Whatever ….., ……) ¨ “مَهْمَا” (Whatever ….., ……) ¨ “مَتَى” (Whenever ….., ……) ¨ “أَيَّانَ” (Whenever ….., ……) ¨ “أَيْنَ” (Wherever ….., ……) ¨ “أَنَّى” (Wherever ….., ……) ¨ “حَيْثُمَا” (Wherever ….., ……) ¨ “كَيْفَمَا” (However ….., ……) ¨ “أَيّ” (Whichever ….., ……) |
Explanation:
We know the four places in which the الْفِعْل is مَنْصُوْب . It remains for us to know the sixteen places in which it is مَجْزُوْم .
It is مَجْزُوْم in every جُمْلَة (sentence) in which it occurs after one of the aforementioned words. These words are divided into two groups:
(1) a group after which one فِعْل is made مَجْزُوْم :
- “لَمْ” (did not), like: “لَمْ أَخُنْ عَهْداً وَلَمْ أُخْلِفْ وَعْداً” (I did not break a covenant nor did I breach promises)
- “لَمَّا” (did not yet), like: “لَمَّا يُثْمِرْ بُسْتَانُنَا وَقَدْ أَثْمَرَتِ الْبَسَاتِيْنُ” [Our garden did not produce fruit yet while the (other) gardens produced fruit]
- لاَم الأَمْرِ (the اللاَّم of command meaning “let”), like: “لِيَلْزَمْ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ حَدَّهُ” (Let every person adhere or stick to his limit)
- “لاَ” النَّاهِيَة (Prohibitive “لاَ” meaning “Don’t”), like: “لاَ تَيْأَسْ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللهِ” (Do not despair concerning Allah’s Mercy)
(2) a group after which two فِعْلاَنِ (verbs) are made مَجْزُوْم , the first (of which) is called the “فِعْل الشَّرْطِ” (conditional verb) and the second the “جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ” (reply to or result of the condition), and it comprises:
- “إِنْ” (If ….., ……), like: “إِنْ تَصْبِرْ تَنَلْ” (If you have patience, you will achieve),
- “إِذْ مَا” (If ….., ……), like: “إِذْ مَا تَتَعَلَّمْ تَتَقَدَّمْ” (If you learn, you will progress),
- “مَنْ” (Whosoever, anyone who ….., ……), like: “مَنْ يَبْحَثْ يَجِدْ” (Whosoever searches, will find),
- “مَا” (Whatever ….., ……), like: “مَا تُحَصِّلْ فِي الصِّغَرِ يَنْفَعْكَ فِي الْكِبَرِ” (Whatever you obtain in childhood, will benefit you in adulthood),
- “مَهْمَا” (Whatever ….., ……), like: “مَهْمَا تُبْطِنْ تُظْهِرْهُ الأَيَّامُ” (Whatever you conceal the days will reveal),
- “مَتَى” (Whenever ….., ……), like: “مَتَى يَصْلُحْ قَلْبُكَ تَصْلُحْ جَوَارِحُكَ” (Whenever your heart is sound your limbs are sound),
- “أَيَّانَ” (Whenever ….., ……), like: “أَيَّانَ تَحْسُنْ سَرِيْرَتُكَ تُحْمَدْ سِيْرَتُكَ” (When your heart is good your behaviour becomes praiseworthy),
- “أَيْنَ” (Wherever ….., ……), like: “أَيْنَ تَتَوَجَّهْ تُصَادِفْ رِزْقَكَ” (Wherever you venture, you will find your sustenance),
- “أَنَّى” (Wherever ….., ……), like: “أَنَّى يَذْهَبْ ذُو الْمَالِ يَجِدْ رَفِيْقاً” (Wherever the possessor of wealth goes, he will find friends),
- “حَيْثُمَا” (Wherever ….., ……), like: “حَيْثُمَا تَسْتَقِمْ يُقَدِّرْ لَكَ اللهُ نَجَاحاً” (Wherever you are upright, Allah will decree success for you),
- “كَيْفَمَا” (However ….., ……), like: “كَيْفَمَا تَكُنْ يَكُنْ قَرِيْنُكَ” (However you are, so will your friend be) and
- “أَيّ” (Whichever ….., ……), “أَيُّ إِنْسانٍ يَحْتَرِمْهُ الرَّئِيْسُ يَحْتَرِمْهُ الْمَرْؤُوْسُ” (Whichever person the leader respects, the subjects will also respect).
and likewise you extend the rule to other similar cases. Moreover, “إِنْ” and what comes after it are called “أَدَوَات شَرْطٍ” (Conditional Instruments).