الإِعْرَاب الْمَحَلِّيّ
إِذَا وَقَعَتْ كَلِمَةٌ مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْمَبْنِيَّةِ فِيْ مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ الْمَوَاضِعِ السَّابِقَةِ يَلْزَمُ أَنْ نَنْطِقَ بِهَا كَمَا سَمِعْنَاهَا، وَلَكِنْ نَعْتَبِرُ أَنَّهَا فِيْ مَوْضِعِ رَفْعٍ، أَوْ نَصْبٍ، أَوْ جَزْمٍ، أَوْ جَرٍّ حَسَبَ مَا يَقْتَضِيْهِ الْمَوْضِعُ، نَحْوُ: “هُوَ عَالِمٌ”، وَ”إِنَّهُ فَاضِلٌ”، وَ”مَنْ صَدَقَ قَصْدُهُ حَسُنَ عَمَلُهُ“. |
When one of the indeclinable words occurs in one of the previous places then it is necessary that we utter it the way we heard it, however, we regard it as being in a place of رَفْع , نَصْب , جَزْم or جَرّ in accordance with what the (particular) place (of declension) necessitates, like: ¨ “هُوَ عَالِمٌ” (He is a scholar), ¨ “إِنَّهُ فَاضِلٌ” (Truly, he is very good) and ¨ “مَنْ صَدَقَ قَصْدُهُ حَسُنَ عَمَلُهُ“ (Anyone whose intention is pure his action will be good). |
Explanation:
We know in detail the places in which the الْفِعْل is مَرْفُوْع , those in which it is مَنْصُوْب and those in which it is مَجْزُوْم , and likewise the places in which the الاسْم is مَرْفُوْع , those in which it is مَنْصُوْب and those in which it is مَجْرُوْر .
We (also) know that when a فِعْل or اسْم occupies one of these places, then we make it مَرْفُوْع , مَنْصُوْب , مَجْرُوْر or مَجْزُوْم , except that among the الأَفْعَال and الأَسْمَاء there is that which is مَبْنِيّ , that is, it’s ending never changes with despite changing the constructions (in which it occurs) as we already know.
The الْمَبْنِيّ (i.e. indeclinable word), when it occurs in one of the places of الرَّفْع , النَّصْب , الْجَزْم or الْجَرّ , then we do not change its ending by virtue of the fact that it occurs in that place such that were we to replace it by an اسْم مُعْرَب then الرَّفْع or النَّصْب for example would surely have been apparent and explicit in that الاسْم الْمُعْرَب .
Hence, based on the aforementioned, we say concerning for example:
- “هُوَ عَالِمٌ” :
(“هُوَ” مُبْتَدَأٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ فِيْ مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ)
[“هُوَ” is a مُبْتَدَأ and indeclinable and built on a فَتْحَة in a place of رَفْع ],
- “إِنَّهُ فَاضِلٌ” :
(الْهَاء اسْمُ “إِنَّ” مَبْنِيَّةٌ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِيْ مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ)
[the الْهَاء is the اسْم “إِنَّ” and is indeclinable and built on a ضَمَّة in a place of نَصْب ] and
- “مَنْ صَدَقَ قَصْدُهُ حَسُنَ عَمَلُهُ“ :
(“صَدَقَ” فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ فِيْ مَحَلِّ جَزْمٍ، “قَصْدُ” مُضَافٌ وَالْهَاءُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى
الضَّمِّ فِيْ مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ)
[“صَدَقَ” is a فِعْل مَاضٍ and is indeclinable and built on a فَتْحَة in a place of جَزْم , “قَصْدُ” is a مُضَاف and the الْهَاء is a مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ and is indeclinable and built on a ضَمَّة in a place of جَرّ ]
and likewise you extend the rule to other similar cases.