كَيْفِيّة الإِعْرَابِ
We know from what has gone before that:
- from the الْحُرُوْف الْهِجَائِيَّة all the الْكَلِمَات are composed,
- the الْكَلِمَات comprise the الْفِعْل, the الاسْم and the الْحَرْف ,
- of the الْكَلِمَات there is that which is مَبْنِيّ and that which is مُعْرَب and
- the الْمُعْرَب can be مَرْفُوْع , مَنْصُوْب , مَجْزُوْم or مَجْرُوْر .
We also know the respective places (in which the الْمُعْرَب is مَرْفُوْع , مَنْصُوْب , مَجْزُوْم or مَجْرُوْر ) and hence it should not be difficult for us after that, when we see a particular expression, to be able to:
- read it correctly,
- distinguish between the words contained in it by identifying the الاسْم , the الْفِعْل and the الْحَرْف among them,
- isolate the الْمَبْنِيّ and الْمُعْرَب
- distinguish the الْمَرْفُوْع , الْمَنْصُوْب , الْمَجْزُوْم and الْمَجْرُوْر (among them) and
- state the reason for that being the case.
This is called “الإِعْرَاب” (syntactic analysis / parsing).
Thus, we say concerning for example:
“لاَ يُؤَخِّرْ أَحَدٌ عَمَلَ الْيَوْمِ لِغَدٍ” (Let no one postpone today’s work until tomorrow):
“لاَ”: حَرْفُ نَهْيٍ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُوْنِ لاَ مَحَلَّ مِنَ الإِعْرَابِ.
“يُؤَخِّرْ”: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَجْزُوْمٌ لِوُقُوْعِهِ بَعْدَ “لاَ” النَّاهِيَةِ.
“أَحَدٌ”: فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوْعٌ
“عَمَلَ”: مَفْعُوْلٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوْبٌ
“الْيَوْمِ”: مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُوْرٌ
“لِغَدٍ”: اللاَّمُ حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ، لاَ مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الإِعْرَابِ، وَ”غَدٍ” مَجْرُوْرٌ بِاللاَّمِ.
and likewise, you extend the rule to other similar cases.
والحمد لله رب العالمين