Amin Academy أكاديمية أمين Arabic Grammar Arabic particles all of them are indeclinable

Arabic particles all of them are indeclinable

الْحُرُوْف

Particles الْحُرُوْف all of them are مَبْنِيَّة

أَمَّا اَلْحُرُوفُ فكُلَّهَا مَبنِيةٌ وهي خمسةُ أَقْسَامٍ They comprise five classes:

(1) أُحَادِيَّة (composed of one letter), like: the الْهَمْزَة , the الْبَاء , the التَّاء , the السِّيْن , the الْفَاء , the لْكَاف , the اللاَّم and the الْوَاو , like:

(2) ثُنَائِيَّة (composed of two letters), like: “أَلْ” (the), “أَمْ” (or), “أَنْ” (to, that), “إِنْ” (if), “بَلْ” (rather, instead), “قَدْ” (definitely, maybe, about to), “لَوْ” (if, had it been that, was it that) and “هَلْ” (question article, interrogative), like:

  • أَسَافَرَ زَيْدٌ؟ (Did Zaid travel?)
  • كَتَبْتُ بِقَلَمِكَ (I wrote with your pen)
  • خَرَجَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ وَسَتَرْجِعُ (The maid went out and she will return)
  • دَخَلَ عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ الْعُلَمَاءُ فَالأُمَرَاءُ (The scholars entered into the presence of the sultan, then the emirs)
  • الْعِلْمُ كَالنُّوْرِ (Knowledge is like light)
  • الْعَاقِبَةُ لَكُمْ (The result will be yours)
  • تَسُوْدُوْنَ بِالْعِلْمِ وَالأَدَبِ (You will rule/reign through knowledge and good character)
  • أَقَرِيْبٌ السَّفَرُ أَمْ بَعِيْدٌ؟ (Is the travel near or far?)
  • يَسُرُّنِيْ أَنْ تَعُوْدَ (It pleases me that you will be returning)
  • إِنْ تَرْحَمْ تُرْحَمْ (If you show mercy, you will be shown mercy to)
  • لَمْ يَذْهَبْ يُوْسُفُ بَلْ إِبْرَاهِيْمُ [Yusuf did not go but Ibrahim (went) instead]
  • قَدْ شَاهَدْتُّ الْقِطَارَ (I definitely saw the train)
  • لَوْ أَنْصَفَ النَّاسُ لاسْتَرَاحَ الْقَاضِيْ (If people were just and fair, then the judge would have been relieved)
  • هَلْ جَاءَ الْمِيْعَادُ؟ (Did the appointed time come?)

(3) ثُلاَثِيَّة (composed of three letters), like: “إِذَا” (all of a sudden, suddenly), “أَلاَ” (Alas!), “إِلَى” (to), “إِنَّ” (indeed, verily), “سَوْفَ” (will, shall), “عَلَى” (on, on top of), “لَيْتَ” (I wish) and “نَعَمْ” (yes), like:

  • ظَنَنْتُهُ غَائِباً إِذَا هُوَ حَاضِرٌ (I thought he was absent and then all of a sudden he was present)
  • أَلاَ إِنَّ أَسْبَابَ الْغِنَى لَكَثِيْرٌ (Alas! Truly, the causes of wealth are many)
  • سَوْفَ تَرَى (You will see)
  • لَيْتَ لِيْ قِنْطَاراً مِنَ الذَّهَبِ [I wish I had a kantar of gold]
  • نَعَمْ (Yes) in response to someone saying: “أَتُنْفِقُهُ فِي الْخَيْرِ؟” (Will you spend it in the way of Good?)

(4) رُبَاعِيَّة (composed of four letters), like: “إِذْ مَا” (if), “إِلاَّ” (except, excluding), “أَمَّا” (as for), “إِمَّا” (either/or), “حَتَّى” (until, up to including, even), “كَأَنَّ” (as if) and “لَعَلَّ” (I hope, hopefully, hoping, in order), like:

  • إِذْ مَا تَتَعَلَّمْ تَتَقَدَّمْ (If you learn you will progress, advance)
  • ﴿كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلاَّ وَجْهَهُ﴾ (Everything will perish except His Countenance)
  • قَصَّرَ الْحَارِسَانِ أَمَّا الأَوَّلُ فَتَرَكَ الْبَابَ وَأَمَّا الثَّانِيْ فَنَامَ (The two guards were negligent, as for the first he abandoned the door and as for the second, he slept)
  • يَحْضُرُ سَعِيْدٌ إِمَّا غَداً وَإِمَّا بَعْدَ غَدٍ (Sa’id will attend either tomorrow or after tomorrow)
  • قَدِمَ الْحُجَّاجُ حَتَّى الْمُشَاةُ (The pilgrims arrived including the pedestrians / those who walked)
  • كَأَنَّكَ كُنْتَ مَعَنَا (As if you were with us)
  • لَعَلَّ الْجَوَّ يَعْتَدِلُ (Hopefully, the weather will become moderate)

(5) خُمَاسِيَّة (composed of five letters), like: “إِنَّمَا” (only, nothing except), “أَنَّمَا” (that) and “لَكِنَّ” (but), like:

  • ﴿إِنَّمَا يُوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ﴾ (It was only revealed to me that your Lord is One God)
  • يُوْسُفُ غَنِيٌّ لَكِنَّهُ بَخِيْلٌ (Yusuf is wealthy but he is stingy)
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