أَقْسَام الْجَمْعِ
| وَيَنْقَسِمُ الْجَمْعُ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: جَمْعِ تَكْسِيْرٍ، نَحْوُ: “فُضَلاَء”، وَ”كُتُب”، وَ”أَقْلاَم”، وَجَمْعِ تَصْحِيْحٍ، نَحْوُ: “فَاضِلُوْنَ”، أَوْ “فَاضِلِيْنَ”، وَ”فَاضِلاَت”، وَإِذَا كَانَ لِمُذَكَّرٍ سُمِّيَ “جَمْعَ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِماً”، وَإِذَا كَانَ لِمُؤَنَّثٍ سُمِّيَ “جَمْعَ مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِماً” |
| The الْجَمْع is further subdivided into two categories: • جَمْع تَكْسِيْرٍ (broken plural), like: “فَضَلاَء” (very good people), “كُتُب” (books), “أَقْلاَم” (pens), and • جَمْع تَصْحِيْحٍ (sound plural), like: “فَاضِلُوْنَ” or “فَاضِلِيْنَ” (very good men) and “فَاضِلاَت” (very good women), and when it refers to masculine it is called “جَمْع مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِم” (sound masculine plural), and when it refers to feminine it is called “جَمْع مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِم” (sound feminine plural). |
Explanation:
You have learned previously that the الاسْم can be مُفْرَد , مُثَنًّى or جَمْع , and now you will learn that the الْجَمْع is not merely of one type but of two types:
- جَمْع تَكْسِيْرٍ (broken plural), which is that whose singular form undergoes a change in structure, like:
“فُضَلاَء” , the plural of “فَاضِل” (a very good man),
“كُتُب” , the plural of “كِتَاب” (book), and
“أَقْلاَم” , the plural of “قَلَم” (pen),
- جَمْع تَصْحِيْحٍ (sound plural), which is that whose singular form remains sound or intact, and comprises two categories:
(a) جَمْع مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِم (sound masculine plural), like: “فَاضِلُوْنَ” (in the nom. case) or “فَاضِلِيْنَ” (in the acc. and gen. cases), and “مُجْتَهِدُوْنَ” (in the nom. case) or “مُجْتَهِدِيْنَ” (in the acc. and gen. cases), as regards every اسْم which has a وَاو and نُوْن or a يَاء and نُوْن suffixed to its singular form, and
(b) جَمْع مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِم (sound feminine plural), like: “فَاضِلاَت” and “مُجْتَهِدَات” , as regards every اسْم which has an أَلِف and تَاء suffixed to its singular form.